How are children's toys tested for choking hazards?

1. What are small parts in children's toys? How are “small parts” defined?

In the field of toy safety, small parts generally refer to parts with a diameter or longest side within a certain range that are easily swallowed or inhaled by children. Standards may vary slightly between countries, but generally, if a part has a diameter of 1.5 centimeters or less, or a length of 2.5 centimeters or less, it may be classified as a “small part.”

For example, in Australia and New Zealand, toys undergo rigorous testing to ensure that their small parts are not easily swallowed by young children. This standard applies not only to newly produced toys but also to safety testing for imported toys.

2. How to test small parts of children's toys

(1) Physical dimension testing: The most basic testing method involves using specialized measuring tools (such as a bore gauge or caliper) to measure the dimensions of the parts. If a part can pass through a circular opening with a diameter of 1.5 centimeters, it is considered to pose a choking hazard. Conversely, it meets safety standards.

(2) Simulation Testing: Some countries use simulation models, such as “chewing simulators” or “throat models,” to test whether parts are easily swallowed or can become lodged. These simulation devices provide a more intuitive reflection of the risks associated with toys in actual use.

(3) Bacterial and Material Testing: While the primary focus is on dimensions, material safety must also be considered. Materials must comply with relevant non-toxic and harmless standards to prevent other safety hazards caused by material issues.

(4) Repeated Testing and Verification: Toy manufacturers should establish a comprehensive testing process to ensure that every batch of products undergoes rigorous testing. If any parts fail to meet standards, immediate measures should be taken to rectify the issue.

3. Testing Method for Small Parts Cylinder  

If any object can be fully inserted into the cylinder without compression and can be inserted in any direction, it is defined as a “small part.” Its internal dimensions simulate the fully opened throat of a child under three years of age.

(1) Place the small part inside the small part cylinder and allow it to enter the cylinder under its own weight.  

(2) If any object can be fully inserted into the cylinder without compression and in any direction, it is defined as a “small part.”

4. Precautions in toy design

When designing children's toys, developers should consider how to avoid safety hazards caused by small parts. Specific measures include:

(1) Adopting an integrated structure design: Minimize the number of parts as much as possible, use an integrated structure, and avoid using small parts that are prone to detachment.

(2) Controlling part size: Ensure that all parts are larger than the safety standard limits to reduce the risk of accidental ingestion.

(3) Use safe materials: Select non-toxic, durable materials to prevent small fragments from forming due to material damage during play.